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学术论文时态语态使用示例解析
学术论文写作中的考试政策是很多考生和家长关心的事。掌握主动语态和被动语态的转换规律，是提升论文专业度的重要环节，不同研究内容适合不同时态，这个选择有章可循。今天小编通过多个实例对比展示具体用法，帮助写作者在实际写作中做出正确判断。感兴趣的网友和小编来看一下吧
主动语态-主语为行动的实施方。
被动语态-主语为行动的接收方。
在撰写科学论文时我们会使用各种各样的时态。下面是一些在不同时态下使用主动语态和被动语态的例子：
1.现在时-通常在概论，讨论和结论中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: Vitamin A increases the risk of hair loss.
Passive: The risk of hair loss is increased by vitamin A.
Example 2:
Active: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicleexhausts can induce a series of environmental problems, including photochemicalsmog, broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution.
Passive: A series of environmental problems, including photochemical smog,broken ozonosphere, and environmental pollution, can be induced by volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industries and vehicle exhausts.
2.现在时-通常在目标中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: In this study, we present our design of an electric hot water tank.
Passive: In this study, a design of an electric hot water tank is presented.
Example 2:
Active: This study develops an efficient methodology to examine a space–timecontinuous dataset for urban irrigation water use.
Passive: An efficient methodology to examine a space–time continuous datasetfor urban irrigation water use is developed in this study.
3.现在完成时-通常在概论，讨论和总结中使用的时态
Example 1:
Active: Previous studies have used comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences toelucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.
Passive: Comparative analysis of ORF2 sequences has been used in previousstudies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among different FCV isolates.
Example 2:
Active: only a small number of empirical studies have focused on the patternsand mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatial scales, especially inwild host–pathogen systems [2].
Passive: The patterns and mechanisms behind disease clusters at small spatialscales, especially in wild host–pathogen systems, have been focused on by onlya small number of empirical studies [2].
4.过去时：通常用于材料与方法/结果
Example 1:
Active: We determined the presence of larvae by dip netting.
Passive: The presence of larvae was determined by dip netting.
Example 2:
Active: We evaluated the number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), andnucleotides (π) using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].
Passive: The number of haplotypes (h), haplotypes (Hd), and nucleotides (π) wasevaluated using the DnaSP 5.10 program [3].
Example 3:
Active: We found a strong correlation between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.
Passive: A strong correlation was found between above-ground and below-groundbiomass accumulation in Platanus occidentalis.
学术写作长主语影响分析
1.主语-动词协议的重要性
有效的句子结构在学术写作中至关重要。每个句子包含一个主语和一个谓语，主语是执行动作的名词，谓词是描述动作的动词，与此相关的是主语 - 动词协议。在学术写作中，该协议为您的想法提供清晰度，并可以说明写作者的能力。不遵守主语 - 动词协议，句子可能看起来很笨拙，含义不清楚。这些错误可能会导致您的想法缺乏清晰度，从而导致您的研究可信度降低。按照主语-动词协议中，长主语是务必远离的用法之一。
2.长主语的负面影响
学术写作务必表达清晰，使用长主语可能会造成混乱。请看以下的示例：
· For Bill to take me to my favorite restaurant on my birthday was very thoughtful.
·It was very thoughtful of Bill to take me to my favorite restaurant on my birthday.
3.成为更好的写作者
您能看出这组示例之间的区别吗？是否清楚修改后的句子为何变得更易阅读呢？如果您对这两个问题的回答都是肯定的，那么您就可以成为更好的学术写作者。了解包括语法规则在内的写作基础，对学术作者尤为重要。了解这个基础之后，您才能够更清楚地呈现您的想法，并由此带来更多的出版机会。